Granulite is a metamorphic rock that is formed from the igneous rock basalt. The specimen shown above is a "chlorite schist" because it contains a significant amount of chlorite. A metamorphic rock forms from a parent rock called a protolith. These include serpentinite, blueschist, soapstone, and other rarer species such as eclogite. This most often occurs near igneous intrusions, where hot magma forces itself into sedimentary strata. Igneous Rocks: Photos, descriptions and facts about intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Lapis Lazuli, the famous blue gem material, is actually a metamorphic rock. It forms from sediments deposited in marine environments where organisms such as diatoms (single-celled algae that secrete a hard shell composed of silicon dioxide) are abundant in the water. Non-foliated rocks occur when heat is high, but pressure is low or equal on all sides. This water can become so charged with dissolved materials that the resulting fluid is, in essence, a liquid mineral. google_ad_client = "pub-4643150179421087"; Exposure to these extreme conditions has altered the mineralogy, texture, and chemical composition of the rocks. Diorite. They occur when sedimentary and igneous rocks become changed, or metamorphosed, by conditions underground. Different degrees of metamorphism create distinctive sets of metamorphic minerals. These agents can act and interact in an almost infinite variety of ways. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. It typically contain… Metamorphic rocks form when rocks undergo metamorphosis/changes due to heat and pressure. Marble is a metamorphic rock that comes from metamorphosed limestone or dolomite. These properties make it useful for a wide variety of architectural, practical, and artistic uses. At high temperatures and pressures, the minerals in most rocks break down and change into a different set of minerals that are stable in the new conditions. The conditions the rocks are exposed to determine the exact chemical and mineral composition of the resulting metamorphic rock. Under greater heat and pressure, as metamorphic minerals such as mica and feldspar begin to form, strain orients them in layers. That process, which changes a rock's chemistry as well as its mineral assemblage, is called metasomatism. Metamorphic rocks are the third great class of rocks. Because these high-pressure areas are near the ocean, they are cooler and produce different metamorphic results. One example of a heavily foliated rock is gneiss. Dacite. Metamorphic rocks can be formed by pressure deep under the Earth's surface, from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates. //-->, Science Kids © | Home | About | Topics | Experiments | Games | Facts | Quizzes | Projects | Lessons | Images | Videos | Privacy | Sitemap | Updated: Apr 11, 2020. Marble is a metamorphic rock that is formed from the sedimentary rock limestone. The existing rock type which undergoes a change is referred to as the protolith. Soapstone is a metamorphic rock that consists primarily of talc with varying amounts of other minerals such as micas, chlorite, amphiboles, pyroxenes, and carbonates. Clays are surface minerals, which form as feldspar and mica break down in the conditions at the Earth's surface. Fluids tend to wander away from their birthplaces, interacting with rocks elsewhere. Movement on a fault zone is one example. The pressure applied to the reforming rock causes the differences in the way the rock looks once recrystallized and determines whether it will be foliated or nonfoliated.
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