W 1642 r. Umiera Richelieu. This further antagonised Condé, who launched another rebellion in the early months of 1616. Dlatego w historiografii za panowania Ludwika XIII zawarte jest jego dzieciństwo, w którym wszystkie decyzje podejmowali Medyceusze. Crown and country, however, were rescued by probably the greatest minister of the whole Bourbon dynasty—Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu. The tradition went back to the marriage of Louis VII of France and Constance of Castile. Aby kontynuować działalność, wybrał nowego kardynała, którego nauczał przez długi czas. After the death in 1621 of Louis’s favourite, Charles d’Albert, duc de Luynes, Richelieu regained effective power; he became a cardinal in 1622 and in April 1624 gained access to Louis XIII’s council. Podczas gdy Czerwony kardynał prowadził wojny i tłumił polityczne intrygi, król napisał piosenki i wymyślił kostiumy do swoich baletów. Jednak twierdza jest zbyt dobrze umocniona. Nawet jako pierwszy człowiek we Francji monarcha osobiście grał w swoim ukochanym Marlezonsky balet. On the other hand, Louis XIII had a strict Catholic upbringing, and his natural inclination was to support the Holy Roman Emperor, the Habsburg Ferdinand II. Luynes soon became as unpopular as Concini had been. The career of Richelieu bears something of a contradictory aspect. In foreign matters, Louis organised the development and administration of New France, expanding its settlements westward along the Saint Lawrence River from Quebec City to Montreal. Beginning in 1615, Marie came to rely increasingly on Concino Concini, an Italian who assumed the role of her favourite, and was widely unpopular because he was a foreigner. Richelieu also took a great interest in economic matters. The major Huguenot citadel of La Rochelle was attacked by royal troops in 1627 and, despite attempts by the English to assist the Protestants, fell in the following year. He visited Morocco again in 1631, and helped negotiate the Franco-Moroccan Treaty (1631). Jednak w wieku pięćdziesięciu lat nadal nie miał spadkobiercy. W czasach współczesnych król Ludwik znany jest głównie ze swojego obrazu literackiego w dziełach słynnych francuskich pisarzy. Były nawet pogłoski o romansie faworytów z koroną.

Ludwik XIII spogląda na wszystkie decyzje swego ministra. [14], In 1630, Razilly was able to negotiate the purchase of French slaves from the Moroccans. They systematically destroyed the castles of defiant lords, and denounced the use of private violence (dueling, carrying weapons, and maintaining private armies). [25] His interests as a teenager were focused on male courtiers and he developed an intense emotional attachment to his favourite, Charles d'Albert, although some say there is no clear evidence of a sexual relationship. This marriage followed a tradition of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with royal marriages. The king himself danced in two performances of the ballet the same year at Chantilly and Royaumont. Luynes was appointed Constable of France, after which he and Louis set out to quell the Huguenot rebellion. Richelieu was banished first to Luçon and subsequently to Avignon (1618). She was not, however, able to prevent rebellion by nobles such as Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646), second in line to the throne after Marie's second surviving son Gaston, Duke of Orléans. Finally, at the very end of his life, the cardinal had to overcome another conspiracy headed by the young royal favourite, Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, marquis de Cinq-Mars, in which Gaston was once more implicated. They were never to pose that sort of threat again, and little more would be heard of them until Louis XIV decided to repeal Henry IV’s Edict of Nantes. Indians, converted to Catholicism, were considered as "natural Frenchmen" by the Ordonnance of 1627: "The descendants of the French who are accustomed to this country [New France], together with all the Indians who will be brought to the knowledge of the faith and will profess it, shall be deemed and renowned natural Frenchmen, and as such may come to live in France when they want, and acquire, donate, and succeed and accept donations and legacies, just as true French subjects, without being required to take letters of declaration of naturalization."[17]. Indeed, his contemporary reputation was one of supreme ruthlessness and arbitrariness in the application of power. Although his coming-of-age formally ended Marie's Regency, she remained the de facto ruler of France. Louis XIII (French pronunciation: ​[lwi tʁɛz]; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown. The drastic increase in taxes needed to pay for the war sparked a series of provincial rebellions in the 1630s. Acadia was also developed under Louis XIII. Richelieu proved an indefatigable servant of the French crown, intent on securing absolute obedience to the monarchy and on raising its international prestige. Po pojawieniu się spadkobierców intrygi na podwórku tylko wzrosła. Following the death of Luynes, Louis determined that he would rule by council. Monarcha poświęcił również coraz więcej czasu sztuce. [21][22][23] But the text of the dedication does not mention the royal pregnancy and birth as one of its reasons, and Louis XIII himself is said to have expressed his scepticism with regard to the miracle after his son's birth. This expedition managed to re-establish Catholicism as the official religion of Béarn. Indeed, peasants often turned to local nobles to lead their movements. He believed that their right under the Edict of Nantes to maintain armed fortresses weakened the king’s position at home and abroad. Ten nowy sojusz z poganami postanowił wykorzystać Marie de Medici jako powód do odrzucenia Richelieu. Krótką biografię monarchy odnotował sam kardynał, ale jego wizerunek jest lepiej znany światu z powieści Dumasa Starszego.


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