Viewed this way, it can be seen that “third world” was not a scientific category reflecting real relations in the world or a mode of production; rather, it was a state of mind that objectively reflected the interests of the national bourgeoisie – such as it was – in the colonial and semi-colonial world. At this primary stage of socialism, to accelerate and deepen the reform is the main task on which all political, economic and social activities must be focused. Deng Xiaoping Theory; new era China; tao guang yang hui; Xi Jinping Thought; COVID-19 In Asia C. October 16, 2020 Indonesia Secures Access to Promising British COVID-19 … People both inside and outside the Party began to seriously examine the current situation and to tackle the problems they discovered. It seems to me that agriculture has great potential for development, and we should never relax our efforts in this regard. Deng Xiaoping Theory 2012-11-05 13:46:35 english.pladaily.com.cn Web Editor: duanlei . Deng Xiaoping, Wade-Giles romanization Teng Hsiao-p’ing, (born August 22, 1904, Guang’an, Sichuan province, China—died February 19, 1997, Beijing), Chinese communist leader who was the most powerful figure in the People’s Republic of China from the late 1970s until his death in 1997. To carry it out and make China prosperous we must, first, carry out the policies of reform and opening to the outside world, and we must, second, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles, the most important of which are to uphold leadership by the party and to keep to the socialist road, opposing bourgeois liberalization and a turn to capitalism. Since the theoretical cornerstone of this category is the thesis that both the U.S. and the Soviet Union are imperialist powers in the Leninist sense, one would think that the foremost exposition of the Theory of the Three Worlds would contain a rigorous demonstration of how the Soviet Union exploits other peoples and nations economically. He therefore deemed it necessary to consolidate the Party in order to unify thinking, improve style of work, maintain strict discipline and perfect Party organization-all for the purpose of making the Party a staunch central force leading the people in their effort to build a materially, culturally and ideologically advanced socialist society. Thus, the absence of Soviet export capital would only make sense if the highest rate of profit in the world existed inside the country, making outside investment superfluous. It had a proletarian class stand toward the main contradictions in the world. Hegemonism is an essentially classless political term and speaks to the relations between nations regardless of social systems. In that period, the imperialist countries were considered the “first world” and the socialist countries were considered the “second world.”. (In effect, making “hegemonism” the principal target is not qualitatively different from the way in which anarchism makes ”authoritarianism” its principal target. That will really demonstrate the superiority of socialism. He has attached great importance to the building of the Communist Party as a party in power, holding that rectification of Party conduct is the key to rectification of general social conduct. To appreciate the narrow nationalist, anti-Marxist essence of this view one only has to realize that if France were to become a socialist country and establish close ties with the Soviet Union, it would still be in the “second world.” Also gone is any recognition of the fact that all of the “second world” capitalist countries themselves directly exploit peoples and nations in the colonial and neo-colonial world, whereas none of the socialist countries does. In order to set things to rights and overcome "Left" mistakes it was necessary to clear up the confusion in people's minds about how to evaluate the historical role of Mao Zedong. – the contradictions among imperialist countries and monopoly capitalist groups. For closely tied to the CPC’s view that war between the U.S. and USSR is inevitable is the view that the Soviet Union constitutes the chief source of the war danger. In summary, the class content of the 1963 general line was quite clear. The CPC praises the effort of Zaire’s ruling group of comprador fascists to “solve” the glaring economic problems of that country by making self-serving arrangements with imperialism. The more political formulation which served the purpose of demarcating a developing Marxist-Leninist trend from “left” opportunism was that U.S. imperialism constituted the principal enemy of the world’s peoples. But if we can reach it, in another 30 to 50 years our country will rank among the first in the world in overall strength. Clearly the Theory of the Three Worlds is one such – in some respects perhaps its main theoretical underpinning. From this, the CPC argues that war between the U.S. and the USSR is “inevitable.” But in Marxist-Leninist terms, this view is completely dependent on the unfounded assertion that the USSR is an imperialist country compelled by exactly the same laws of social development as the U.S. On every question, the 1963 line drew out the class content. He has played a major role in important policy decisions by pointing out the correct orientation with regard to key questions that have arisen in the course of formulating the line since that Session. After making inspection tours of the zones, he affirmed the correctness of the policy. To the CPC, the fundamental problem of our age is not that imperialism exploits the majority of the human race but that strong powers dominate weak ones. Perhaps they merely hold that imperialism’s defense of its investments in such countries objectively defends that country’s national independence. The essence of this kind of “hegemonism” rests in the serious mishandling by the CPSU of the non-antagonistic contradiction between the “interests” of the USSR and the needs of other socialist countries, communist parties and revolutionary struggles. In reversing the 1963 general line proposed by the CPC to the world communist movement, the Theory of the Three Worlds offers a completely different perspective on the main contradictions of our epoch. Having analyzed the lessons of the past, Deng holds that the struggle against erroneous trends must proceed from reality (in other words, when there are "Left" trends one fights "Left" trends and when there are Right trends one fights Right trends). These efforts to rationalize the ideological, political and organizational lines set China back on the path of normal development. In this speech he explained in detail that people should emancipate their minds and seek truth from facts. In accordance with this principle, the Plenary Session discarded the notion that in a socialist society class struggle remained the "key link" and made the strategic decision to shift the focus of the Party's work to socialist modernization, so as to concentrate on development of the productive forces. There are many unpredictable factors affecting the international situation, and the contradictions are becoming increasingly evident. The term originated in the mid-1950s and was generally meant to describe those forces – particularly in the colonial and semi-colonial world – who, in moving toward independence, were eschewing both the capitalist and socialist paths. The Theory of the Three Worlds was first advanced publicly in 1974 by Deng Xiaoping before the downfall of the Gang of Four. Possibly this did not seem to be a significant departure from Marxism-Leninism at the time, since the category “third world” largely overlapped with the category of oppressed nations, and during this period the oppressed nations moved to the forefront of the struggle against imperialism, thus lending a revolutionary aspect to traditionally nationalist aspirations. Thus, the main obstacle to continued U.S. hegemony is not the inter-imperialist struggle to redivide the world between competing finance capitalists, but instead the revolutionary struggle to redivide it between capitalism and socialism. There are other reasons as well. Thus, there still exists a strong tendency to accept the categories used by the Theory of the Three Worlds – such as hegemonism, superpower, and social-imperialism – even among those who have rejected the theory itself. Of course, in the final analysis, national struggle is a matter of class struggle. A clarification is required here about “hegemony.” As a concept, it has no class content. cat theory: contextualizing deng xiaoping’s pragmatism Posted on August 22, 2012 by Mary Ann O'Donnell The historical background to each of the three guiding theories of early reform — feel theory, cat theory, and don’t debate theory — illuminate the dialectic of political debate and economic reform in and through China more generally and Shenzhen specifically. As a result, the Theory of the Three Worlds not only distorts the category of capitalism, it distorts the category of socialism. But this omission is typical in the Theory of the Three Worlds and represents a concession to petit-bourgeois concepts of the national question – “weak” and “small” is good, “strong” and “big” is bad. By 1977, this had become the united front against hegemonism. The CPC’s 1963 line drew out the struggle against exploitation and for national liberation in the colonial and semi-colonial world as the most advanced form through which class contradictions on a world scale were developing in that period. This great movement to emancipate people's minds led to the convocation of the Third Plenary Session of the Party's Eleventh Central Committee. The socialist countries, the mainstay of the international proletariat, and the oppressed nations, who are the worst exploited and oppressed and who account for the great majority of the population of the world, together form the third world. It was Deng who presided over the drafting of this landmark document. In order to resolve the questions of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and to reunify China, Deng formulated the concept of "one country, two systems". Political restructuring, the Congress stated, was a difficult and complex task, so it was necessary to adopt resolute yet cautious policies and to implement them in a guided and orderly way, in order to advance the reform as steadily as possible. The concept of "one country, two systems" has had considerable impact both in China and abroad. First, there is the possibility that the CPC will drop the capitalist restoration thesis but maintain the Theory of the Three Worlds. Third, labor power is not a commodity in the USSR. This point concerning the alterations in China’s foreign policy since the death of Mao and the fall of the Gang of Four is important if we are to critique the Theory of the Three Worlds in a thorough and precise fashion. This was the prerequisite for carrying out socialist modernization and the policies of reform and opening to the outside would. He said that material advance would be hindered or go astray without cultural and ideological progress. Deng Xiaoping Theory (simplified Chinese: 邓小平理论; traditional Chinese: 鄧小平理論; pinyin: Dèng Xiǎopíng Lǐlùn), is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.The theory does not claim to reject Marxism–Leninism or Mao Zedong Thought but instead seeks to adapt them to the existing socio-economic conditions of China. The earlier statement, while clearly subject to several interpretations, would be thoroughly consistent with the outlook of the anarchist deviation represented by the Gang of Four. Theoretically, the Theory of the Three Worlds advances a massive and deliberate distortion of the Leninist theory on the inevitability of war. Although he is more than 80 years old, Chinese and foreign visitors are always impressed by his vigorous health and agile mind. In fact, the most advanced forces in this area – such as Vietnam and Cuba – have become “lackeys” while the puppets of U.S. imperialism are hailed for their defense of independence. This point has not yet been sufficiently grasped by Marxist-Leninists who have tended to confine their critique of China’s line to the arena of politics.

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